Validation of alternative methods for toxicity testing.
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
3R Principle and Alternative Toxicity Testing Methods
Toxicity tests are essential for evaluating the safety or hazards of several substances. Many of the current toxicity testing methods include the use of animals, especially rodents. However, in the last three decades, there has been an inclination towards using less animals and performing alternative methods that reduce, refine and replace animal use (3R principle). The viewpoint of “reduction”...
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This is the report of the thirty-first of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAMs main goal, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods which are of importance to the biosciences and which reduce, refine or replace the use of labor...
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The development of the nervous system is a rather complex process known to be affected by different drugs and chemicals. Therefore, regulatory test guidelines have been adopted for the prediction and assessment of developmental neurotoxicity (U.S.EPA OPPTS 870.6300 and OECD TG 426). However, current in vivo test methods are laborious, costly and necessitate use of considerably high numbers of l...
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The alternatives to whole-animal testing include endpoint assays, cell and tissue cultures, use of tissue slices, toxicokinetic modelling, and structure-activity relationships and databases. The use of in vitro systems (subcellular fractions, cell lines, primary cell cultures, tissue slices, organ cultures, etc.) as research tools in toxicology is widespread. In the past few years, the apoptosi...
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Conceptually, irritant contact dermatitis (irritation) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in man should provide the ideal platforms to launch in vitro toxicology into the pantheon of in vitro testing assays. In theory, irritant dermatitis has been considered by most a simple area of cutaneous biology, whereas ACD is a complex area of biology. However, both result in responses that are reason...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Health Perspectives
سال: 1998
ISSN: 0091-6765,1552-9924
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.98106477